HSPA: High Speed Packet Access

HSPA - High Speed Packet Access is that the most generally deployed mobile broadband technology within the world these days and can depend on the over vi billion connections with the GSM family of technologies. HSPA is that the word used once each HSDPA (3GPP unleash 5) and HSUPA (3GPP unleash 6) technologies ar deployed on a network. HSPA Evolved (HSPA+ in 3GPP unleash seven ANd beyond) is additionally a part of the HSPA technology and extends an operator’s investment within the network before future step to 3GPP long run Evolution (LTE, or 3GPP unleash eight and beyond). HSPA builds on third generation (3G) UMTS/WCDMA and is powerfully positioned because the leading mobile knowledge technology for the predictable future.


Globally, there ar over 478 industrial networks with HSPA in additional than 181 countries as of Oct 2012. . Initial HSPA networks offered three.6 Mbps peak downlink rates with the majority of the rest providing seven.2 Mbps; but, continuing progress by vendors and leading innovative operators, permits for HSPA networks capable of peak bit-rates of fourteen.4 Mbps. the bulk of HSPA networks ar providing peak rates at fourteen.4 Mbps unless they need migrated to future level of HSPA+. the primary HSPA+ networks victimisation sixty four QAM modulation and providing twenty one Mbps also are operating. the utilization of upper order modulation schemes (from sixteen QAM up to sixty four QAM), in conjunction with MIMO technology, that takes HSPA into HSPA+ or evolved HSPA was developed in 3GPP unleash seven.

Propelling the sturdy growth could be a sturdy choice of devices supporting HSPA. Already, as of Oct 2012, there have been over 3847 industrial HSPA devices accessible worldwide from over 285 suppliers (Source: GSA).

Whereas HSDPA optimizes downlink performance, HSUPA uses the improved Dedicated Channel (E-DCH) for a group of enhancements that optimizes transmission performance. Networks and devices supporting HSUPA became accessible in 2007 and also the combined enhancements within the transmission and downlink ar known as HSPA. These enhancements embody higher throughputs, reduced latency and augmented spectral potency. HSUPA (HSPA) is standardized in unleash vi ANd ends up in an approximated eighty five % increase in overall cell outturn on the transmission and over fifty % gain in user outturn. HSUPA conjointly reduces packet delays, a major profit leading to considerably improved application performance on HSPA networks.

In current deployments, HSPA users frequently expertise outturn rates well in way over one Mbps beneath favorable conditions, on each downlinks and uplinks, with four Mbps downlink speed normally measured; planned enhancements can double peak user-achievable outturn rates.

Beyond outturn enhancements, HSPA conjointly considerably reduces latency. In optimized networks, latency can fall below fifty milliseconds (ms), relative to current HSDPA networks at seventy ms. And with a later HSPA introduction of two ms UTC Interval (TTI), latency are as low as thirty ms.

HSPA offers carriers AN economical mobile broadband technology that may evolve to HSPA+ to fulfill the advanced wireless wants of shoppers. To leverage operator investments in HSPA and enhance the standard of service across networks, 3GPP finalized unleash seven and unleash eight, that specify a series of enhancements to form HSPA+. Also, 3GPP examined any specifications in unleash nine. HSPA+ employs several of the techniques utilised for LTE.

Wi-Fi: Wireless Fidelity

Wi-Fi, or LAN, could be a wireless native space network (WLAN) technology supported the Institute of Electrical and physics Engineers’ (IEEE) 802.11 family of standards, which has 802.11a, b, g and n. There area unit many key variations between cellular and Wi-Fi. as an example, Wi-Fi signals have a spread of concerning two hundred to three hundred feet, whereas cellular GSM signals will travel for many miles. Wi-Fi conjointly uses unauthorized spectrum, therefore not like GSM, it's no inherent protection from interference.

Wi-Fi is employed for a spread of applications. one in all the foremost common is home and business Wireless native space Networks (WLANs). the opposite is “hotspots,” wherever users with AN 802.11 laptop card electronic equipment, hybrid cellular/Wi-Fi telephone set or portable computer with AN embedded electronic equipment get net access for complimentary or for a fee. Hotspots area unit usually found publicly areas like airports and cafés.

Wireless operators oftentimes mix Wi-Fi with their 2G and/or 3G networks as the simplest way to grant their customers a lot of choices for accessing the web and information services. By providing adjunct Wi-Fi services, operators will leverage the put in base of Wi-Fi laptop card modems and laptops with embedded 802.11 modems.

Wi-Fi conjointly has become a very important technology for the preparation of unauthorized Mobile Access (UMA) services. These usually involve a telephone set that has a cellular and Wi-Fi radio that may profit of a field or in-home Wi-Fi router to position calls mistreatment VoIP technology that may then transfer seamlessly to a cellular network once outside the vary of the Wi-Fi signal. not like VoIP vocation, once UMA customers leave home or exit a Wi-Fi hotspot, their calls area unit seamlessly transferred to it operator’s GSM-HSPA wireless network. Calls conjointly transfer from the wireless network onto Wi-Fi.

IP multimedia system system (IMS) is another system that's complementary to UMA and combines the weather of the cellular and Wi-Fi networks. whereas UMA is AN access answer gives|that gives|that has} roaming between cellular and Wi-Fi networks and helps provide property within buildings, IMS and also the core network give the full service design. IMS is AN trade standards-based platform for brand new services that's access technology agnostic. While UMA could be a solution for the acute in-building coverage challenge, it's not an entire service platform and may not be compared with IMS per se.

IMS services may be delivered over any access technology, together with phone line, cable, cellular and wireless technologies together with Wi-Fi and WiMAX. Since IMS is access-agnostic, it will support UMA yet as alternative access ways, such as native informatics access over Wi-Fi.

Wi-Fi is conjointly used to deliver net Protocol tv (IPTV) into the home. Leading operators together with TeliaSonera and Telenor (Sweden), and Belgacom SA (Belgium) provide gear to deliver HD IPTV streams over commonplace Wi-Fi throughout the house network, et al. like AT&T have according trials. employing a device for 802.11n wireless connections instead of coaxal cable as the home’s main video distribution medium, transmissions of 30 Mbps to 50 Mbps are touted as guaranteed throughput for streaming video throughout a typical 2,500 to 3,000 sq. foot home. Some devices could support up to six high-definition television IPTV streams running at ten Mbps every.